Other sleep–wake symptoms are fatigue, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations, nightmares, lucid dreams, enacted dreams, disrupted night-time sleep, restless legs syndrome or parasomnias. Often is partial, rarely complete with falls. Narcolepsy presents with a variable combination of sleep–wake symtoms and motor, psychiatric, emotional, cognitive, metabolic and autonomic disturbances that reflect the hypothalamic origin of the disorder.Įxcessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), which can also manifest with sleep attacks, involuntary napping, automatic behaviours, difficulty sustaining attention and memory disturbances.Ĭataplexy, briefs episodes of bilateral loss of muscle tone triggered by sudden emotions in the presence of a normal state of consciousness. Narcolepsy is a chronic and disabling disease, which, according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3), considered to be hypersomnias of central origin. Other techniques such as hypothalamic stem cell transplantation, gene replacement therapy or immunotherapy are also being investigated. Future treatments include therapies based on the replacement of hypocretin or the administration of agonist receptors. We intend to expose the different symptomatic treatments recommended by clinical guidelines and the clinical management from a practical point of view. On the other hand, pharmacological treatment must be individualised as there are great variations in severity, order of appearance symptoms and development of the disease. However, we have pharmacological treatments that effectively help control the main symptoms (excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, fragmentation of nocturnal sleep, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations). Nowadays, treatment is focused on managing symptoms that impacts patient’s life, such as at workplace, social events or even at school, but not aimed cure the disease. Narcolepsy is a chronic, disabling sleep disorder with a significant diagnostic delay.
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